Bonfire Night: History and How to Celebrate in England
As the nights draw in, the countdown is on for November 5, also known as Bonfire Night. In a usual year, thousands of Brits would be wrapping up warm and heading out into the cold to marvel at burning effigies and see fireworks illuminate the chilly night in memory of a centuries-old scheme to blow up the Houses of Parliament.
Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19 in 2020, it’s never too early to delve into the rich history behind this traditional event and plan for future celebrations in England.
The History of November 5: Gunpowder, Treason and Plot
In the early 17th century, some English Catholics had hoped that their new monarch, James I, would relax the hardline Protestantism favored by his predecessors. A band of disgruntled Catholics devised a plan to blow up the Houses of Parliament while the king and most MPs were inside.
The plot advanced smoothly until an anonymous tip-off led to Guy Fawkes being discovered on 5 November 1605, while he guarded 36 barrels of gunpowder in the House of Lords’ vaults. Following days of torture, he confessed and named his co-conspirators, who faced gruesome executions. Although Fawkes was not the plot’s mastermind—he was merely an explosives expert—he became synonymous with the notorious conspiracy.
The Celebrations
Bonfires have been lit every year since the traitors’ executions, and over time, effigies of Fawkes began to be burned on pyres. Children made scarecrow-like “Guys” from old clothes stuffed with flammable materials, displaying them in streets while asking for a “penny for the Guy.”
Today, Guys are still set ablaze at displays nationwide, where adults sip mulled wine, children wave sparklers, and everyone enjoys dazzling fireworks.
Where to Enjoy Fireworks Displays in England
As you anticipate future celebrations, here are some of the best places to witness parades, bonfires, and breathtaking fireworks displays in England.
Toast Fawkes with a Bloody Mary in Lewes, East Sussex
Lewes is known for hosting one of the UK’s most significant Bonfire Night celebrations, rich in history. In 1555, notorious Queen Mary I had 17 Protestant rebels executed here, contributing to the town’s dark legacy. Up to 60,000 visitors attend to witness effigies of the Pope and modern-day figures incinerated in tribute to the martyrs.
Have a History Lesson at the Royal Gunpowder Mills, Essex
If you’re eager to learn about the Gunpowder Plot, the Guy Fawkes Festival at the Royal Gunpowder Mills in Waltham Abbey provides a historical reenactment, shedding light on how gunpowder is made and its historical applications. Experience the thrill of fireworks in a venue steeped in history.
Get a Bird’s Eye View at Alexandra Palace, London
London typically hosts a blend of free and ticketed displays, with the Fireworks Festival at Alexandra Palace standing out as a highlight. This spectacular two-day extravaganza features a funfair, live performances, and an abundance of fireworks. The hilltop location of Ally Pally offers panoramic views of city-wide displays.
Enjoy a Barrelful of Excitement in Ottery St Mary, Devon
The tradition of Tar Barrels in Ottery St Mary has evolved from a simple torchlight procession into a thrilling — albeit dangerous — spectacle. Participants carry tar-soaked barrels through the town, adding excitement to the festivities that draw thousands of spectators each year.
Admire the Display at Chatsworth House, Derbyshire
For a more refined experience, the bonfire and fireworks at Chatsworth House create a magical setting. After touring the stunning stately home, warm up with mulled wine and a traditional feast before the exhilarating finale of fireworks.
Article first published in September 2019, and last updated in October 2020
