26 Fascinating South America Facts You Didn’t Know

Interesting and Fun Facts About South America

Welcome to South America! A land teeming with amazing natural landscapes, a range of diverse cultures, and an abundance of unique wildlife. From the ancient Incan city of Machu Picchu perched atop misty peaks to the world’s largest rainforest, South America is a treasure trove of world wonders. So sit back, buckle up, and get ready for a thrilling ride as we dive into some fascinating facts about South America.

1. The Name South America

While Christopher Columbus was the first to sail to the New World from Europe, the Americas were actually named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci who later explored the new continents between 1499 and 1502. He was the first to suggest that North and South America were their own continents and not part of the East Indies. Hence, he was honored with having nearly an entire hemisphere named after him. Not bad!

2. South America is High

South America is a high continent with plenty of tall things. It has the highest capital in the world. La Paz in Bolivia has an elevation of 3,650m (11,975 feet).

In Venezuela, you’ll find the highest waterfall in the world – Angel Falls has a cascade of 979 meters (3,211 feet)!

Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world sitting at an altitude of 3,800 meters (12,500 feet). It is the biggest lake in South America and one of the continent’s most popular tourist attractions.

Mount Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere, reaches a towering height of 6,959 meters (22,841 feet) above sea level. It is located in the Andes Mountains of Argentina and is considered one of the seven summits.

Interestingly, while Mount Everest may be taller, Aconcagua is actually 2,072 meters (6,797 feet) further away from the Earth’s core. The Andes, the longest mountain range in the world, adds to the majestic geographical features of South America.

3. Amazon River: The Second Longest River on Earth

The Amazon River, which starts in Peru and travels through Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Brazil, is the second-longest river in the world after the Nile.

It stretches an impressive 6,400 km (3,977 miles) and serves as a lifeline for numerous animal species endemic to this region. Its basin houses over 1,100 tributaries accounting for approximately one-fifth of all global river flow, making it a vital component of our planet’s ecosystem.

Moreover, the Amazon River Basin is the largest watershed in the world, occupying nearly all of northern South America, with an area of 7,000,000 square km (2,700,000 sq miles).

Here’s a cool fact: another river known as the Hamza River flows 4 km beneath the Amazon, forming a major drainage system for the Amazon basin.

4. Atacama Desert: The Driest Place on Earth

The Atacama Desert is recognized as the driest location on Earth. Its arid landscape is surprisingly beautiful, extending over 1,000 km along Chile’s Pacific coast.

In certain areas, it hasn’t seen rain in centuries, creating the perfect environment for climate research and stargazing, while demonstrating the resilience of life in harsh conditions.

Despite its harsh environment, a variety of plant and animal species thrive here, showcasing nature’s incredible ability to adapt and survive.

5. Cultural Diversity in South American Countries

South America is a melting pot of cultures, rich in indigenous heritages, languages, and religious practices. About 300 languages are spoken, reflecting the unique tribal and cultural identities within the continent.

However, European colonization has left a strong Christian influence, with many cultures blending traditional beliefs with Christian practices.

6. Over 300 Languages Spoken

The linguistic landscape is as diverse as the continent itself, with over 300 indigenous languages actively spoken by various tribes. Spanish and Portuguese dominate as the official languages in most countries.

• The nine Spanish-speaking countries include Venezuela, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
• Brazil’s official language is Portuguese, although Portuguese is also spoken in Uruguay, Paraguay, and Venezuela.
• Indigenous languages include Quechua, Aymara, and Guarani, with Quechua being the most widely spoken indigenous language.

7. Indigenous People and Their Cultures

The Indigenous Peoples of South America, such as the Guaycuru, Kaiwá, Lengua, and Mapuche, have maintained their distinct cultures for thousands of years. Their traditions, beliefs, and practices greatly enrich the continent’s cultural tapestry.

8. Predominance of Christianity

Christianity is the primary religion on the continent, with about 57% of the population identifying as Roman Catholic and 19% Protestant. This is largely due to European colonization that brought missionaries aiming to convert indigenous communities.

9. Remarkable Civilizations and Historical Events

South America has a history rich with remarkable civilizations, such as the Inca Empire and the Norte Chico civilization, known for its early urban development. These cultures have significantly influenced contemporary society across the continent and preserved a unique cultural legacy.

10. Inca Empire and Other Ancient Civilizations

Flourishing in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Inca Empire was a highly advanced civilization encompassing regions from Colombia to Chile. Its sophisticated agricultural systems, architectural marvels, and societal organization remain subjects of fascination for historians and archaeologists alike.

Other pre-Columbian cultures such as Paracas, Nazca, Tiwanaku, and Wari made significant contributions to the rich cultural heritage of South America.

11. European Colonization and Independence Movements

The late 15th century marked the onset of European colonization, primarily by Portugal and Spain, which drastically altered political and cultural dynamics on the continent. Over time, leaders like Simon Bolivar emerged to lead independence movements, ultimately shaping modern South America.

12. Notable Wars and Conflicts

South American history has been shaped by various wars and conflicts. Noteworthy examples include the War of the Pacific (1879-1883) and the Chaco War (1932-1935) between Paraguay and Bolivia. Such struggles have fostered a complex political landscape as nations strive for stability and peace.

13. Unique Wildlife and Biodiversity

Renowned for its incredible biodiversity, South America boasts numerous ecosystems that serve as habitats for countless plant and animal species. The Amazon Rainforest and the Andean regions are critical for biodiversity, home to unique species such as the elusive Amazon River Dolphin and the majestic Andean condor.

From jaguars to sloths, the continent is teeming with unique wildlife that displays the rich natural heritage found nowhere else on Earth. Visitors to Machu Picchu may also encounter alpacas and llamas, highlights of the South American wildlife experience.

14. The Galapagos Inspired Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

The Galapagos Islands, known for their distinctive ecosystems, were pivotal in shaping Charles Darwin’s thoughts on natural selection during his visit in 1835. The unique species observed, especially the finches, contributed to Darwin’s groundbreaking theory of evolution.

15. Amazon Rainforest: The World’s Most Biodiverse Ecosystem

Covering 6.7 million square kilometers, the Amazon Rainforest is the largest and most diverse habitat globally, containing over 40,000 plant species and 1,300 bird species. Often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” it plays a crucial role in climate regulation and offers potential medicinal resources.

16. Andean Region: Home to Endangered Species

The Andean region is critical for preserving endangered species, such as the Andean condor and rare tapir. Conservation efforts through national parks and sustainable tourism are vital for protecting this unique biodiversity.

17. Quirky Traditions and Culinary Delights

South America features a delightful array of customs and culinary traditions, reflecting the region’s rich cultural heritage.

18. Gnocchi Day in Argentina

Celebrated on the 29th of each month, Gnocchi Day in Argentina is rooted in Italian tradition. This event gathers people to enjoy gnocchi with tomato sauce and red wine, honoring the immigrants who shaped Argentinian culture.

19. Guinea Pig: A South American Delicacy

In countries like Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru, guinea pig has been a traditional dish for over 5,000 years, often prepared for special occasions. This unique delicacy is a tribute to the continent’s ancient culinary heritage.

20. Doorbell-Free Homes in Paraguay

In Paraguay, the tradition of announcing one’s arrival at a home involves clapping or calling out the host’s name, fostering a sense of community and intimacy in social interactions.

21. South America’s Natural Resources and Contributions

South America is rich in natural resources like minerals and energy sources that significantly contribute to the global economy. Preserving these resources sustainably is crucial to ensure environmental health and habitat conservation.

22. Oxygen Production from Forests

Forests covering more than a fifth of South America’s land area play a vital role in generating over 20% of the Earth’s oxygen. Protecting these life-sustaining ecosystems is critical for global well-being.

23. The Abundance of Minerals and Energy Resources

In addition to being rich in biodiversity, South America is endowed with abundant minerals, such as gold, silver, and iron, which significantly influence the economies of Brazil, Chile, and Peru. The continent’s commitment to sustainable practices is increasingly important amidst global environmental challenges.

24. South America Geography

South America consists of 12 countries and four territories, with Brazil being the largest both in size and population. It is bordered by nine countries and is notable for its geographical diversity, including the southernmost city, Ushuaia in Argentina, a popular base for exploring Antarctica.

25. The Largest Salt Flats in the World

Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia is the largest salt flat globally, spanning over 10,000 square km, attracting numerous visitors with its surreal landscape.

26. Salt is Banned in Uruguay

In Uruguay, a unique regulation prohibits the use of salt in restaurants to promote healthier eating. This extends to condiments like ketchup and mayonnaise, which are not automatically provided on tables.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is unique about South America?

South America captivates travelers and explorers with its stunning landscapes, including the majestic Andes Mountain range, abundant wildlife, and diverse cultures. Its many natural wonders make it a remarkable travel destination.

What are the main languages spoken in South America?

Spanish and Portuguese are the dominant languages, with many indigenous dialects like Quechua, Aymara, and Guarani enriching the linguistic tapestry of the continent.

What are some must-see tourist attractions in South America?

Must-visit attractions include Iguazu Falls, Machu Picchu, and the vibrant city of Rio de Janeiro. Each site offers unforgettable experiences, showcasing the continent’s breathtaking natural beauty.