Expert Tips on Face Mask Longevity, Types, and Best Practices

For many, masks have become part of everyday life. However, choosing the right mask and learning how to care for it can be overwhelming, especially during travels.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends selecting a mask that provides the best fit, protection, and comfort. These factors often require careful consideration, but experts agree that any mask is preferable to none at all.

Specifically, the CDC advises wearing a mask indoors in areas with “high” COVID-19 community transmission rates. The agency also emphasizes incorporating masks into a “Layered prevention” approach, which includes keeping up with vaccinations and boosters when eligible.

Recently, the CDC adjusted its face mask recommendations, basing guidance on hospitalization rates and hospital capacity instead of simply case numbers.

While individuals generally do not require masks outdoors, there are exceptions in crowded settings where one might opt to wear a mask.

In recent developments, various cruise lines, theme parks, and states such as California and Nevada have made mask-wearing optional. Nonetheless, federal transportation systems, including airplanes, still mandate masks through at least March 18.

Airlines have varying policies regarding the acceptable types of masks. For instance, Air France and Lufthansa require medical masks, whereas United Airlines does not allow bandanas.

“You want to choose a mask that offers the most protection yet remains comfortable,” Dr. Deborah Theodore, an infectious diseases specialist at NewYork-Presbyterian, stated. “It’s crucial to remember that even in the absence of a mandate, individuals may have various reasons for their mask-wearing choices. Therefore, wearing a mask indoors remains the right choice for many.”

This guide covers everything travelers need to understand about masks—from selection to maintenance:

1. What’s the difference between an N95, KN95, KF94, surgical mask, and cloth mask?

The primary distinction among these masks lies in their protection levels. N95 masks, for instance, filter out at least 95% of airborne particles when properly fitted and approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), according to the CDC. Similarly, legitimate KN95 masks provide comparable filtration but are manufactured internationally.

KF94 masks, which typically block 94% of particles, are often constructed in a three-part design that fits under the chin and above the nose, as explained by Dr. Philip Tierno, a clinical professor in Pathology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine.

A well-fitted surgical mask blocks between 42% and 51% of particles, according to Tierno, while a cloth mask may only block 3% to 43% of particles, depending on material quality and layering.

2. So which mask should you choose?

Your choice may depend on your comfort level, personal risk assessment, and the type of activity. Dr. Theodore suggests evaluating various factors:

• Where are you traveling to?
• What is the current COVID-19 transmission rate in that area?
• What are the hospitalization and vaccination rates?
• What is the overall risk in your destination?

Different scenarios may require different mask types. For instance, a walk outdoors may not necessitate the same protective measures as being in a crowded airport or airplane.

3. How long can you wear a mask before replacing it?

You can wear a mask relatively long, especially intermittently, but it is wise to rotate them. Dr. Tierno mentions that masks can be reused, but he prefers not to wear the same one every day.

“Since this coronavirus dies when exposed to air over time, I recommend utilizing different masks on different days. I employ a three-day rotation,” he shares. “Remember, these minuscule particles are dead after a certain time.”

Avoid touching your face while masked to prevent contaminating your hands. If a mask becomes visibly dirty or damaged, it should be discarded.

Dr. Theodore reinforces, “If your mask feels dirty inside, it’s time to replace it. Similarly, if any part of the mask is damaged, it is no longer functional. Otherwise, as long as the mask remains comfortable, feel free to continue using it.”

4. Can you wash your mask?

Unless it’s a cloth mask, the answer is generally no. Water can compromise N95, KN95, KF94, and surgical masks.

This is due to their design, which relies on electrostatic charges to trap unwanted particles. Dr. Theodore explains, “It’s a capture and kill mechanism; just as water can damage devices requiring electricity, it similarly affects these electrostatic charges.”

On the other hand, cloth masks can be laundered in a washing machine or by hand. Ensure they are completely dry before reuse, as per CDC guidelines.

5. How can you verify a mask is legitimate?

Most N95 masks are manufactured within the United States and must be NIOSH certified.

In contrast, verifying KN95 masks can be more complex. The CDC advises looking for stamps indicating compliance with the Chinese respiratory protection standard, “GB 2626-2019” or “GB2626-2006 KN95” for masks made before July 1, 2021.

For enhanced assurance, consumers can purchase from large box stores that vet their products. When shopping online, it’s advisable to buy directly from the manufacturer or their official Amazon store instead of third-party sellers.

6. What about double masking?

Dr. Theodore mentions that wearing two masks can enhance protection, provided it improves without compromising fit. For instance, layering a cloth mask atop a surgical mask can help achieve a tighter fit. However, she does not recommend wearing a KF94 mask over a KN95 mask, as that combination is ineffective.

Alison Fox is a contributing writer for iBestTravel. When not in New York City, she enjoys spending time at the beach and exploring new destinations, aspiring to visit every country in the world. Follow her adventures on Instagram.