Exploring the Jurassic Coast: A Natural Wonder
Take a step back in time – some 185 million years back in time – along the wild and rugged Jurassic Coast in Southwest England.
England’s only natural World Heritage Site, this 95-mile stretch of coastline showcases its geological significance. Running from Exmouth in Devon to Studland Bay in Dorset, its unique rock formations and fossil-rich cliffs amaze visitors from all over the world. If rocks aren’t your thing, the pristine beaches, charming seaside towns, and wide-ranging adventure experiences appeal to just about every kind of traveler.
What is the Jurassic Coast?
To understand what makes the Jurassic Coast so special, we need to rewind more than a bit: think 252 million years.
The rocks along this stretch offer an almost complete record of the Mesozoic Era (roughly 250 to 65 million years ago). They’re visible traces of the enormous environmental changes that played out over the millennia, starting with the Triassic Period (252 to 201 million years ago), when this part of Great Britain was a baking desert, and the shifting of the earth’s crust deposited layers of sediment on top of each other. Moving west along the coast, you’ll find rocks formed during the Jurassic Period (201 to 145 million years ago), when the water rose to form a tropical sea.
When the sea levels fell and then rose again during the Cretaceous Period (145 to 66 million years ago), the older rocks were buried beneath newer sandstone and chalk, preserving them until millennia of erosion carved this geological layer cake into the remarkable landscapes we can see today. Fossils of creatures long extinct have also been preserved among the cliffs’ many strata, with more continually being revealed as erosion from wind and waves continues to take place.
The Extraordinary Geology of the Jurassic Coast
All along the coast, this incredible history takes shape – literally – in the form of unusual rock formations and beautiful bays. The best-known attraction is Durdle Door, a 200ft-tall limestone arch over the sea linking two remote beaches, and one of Devon’s most popular spots. It’s best viewed from the coast path as you walk over the cliffs from Lulworth Cove, a perfect semi-circle of sea enclosed within bright-white chalk cliffs.
Other geological highlights of the coastline include Old Harry Rocks, chalk stacks that align with the Needles on the Isle of Wight; the unusual rock layers of Kimmeridge Bay; and Chesil Beach, an 18-mile barrier beach linking the Isle of Portland with the mainland and forming a wildlife-rich brackish-water lagoon at the Fleet.
The towering golden cliffs at West Bay served as a backdrop for the popular ITV series Broadchurch, while the picturesque harbor and quaint seaside town at Lyme Regis are the heart of Dorset’s fossil-hunting history.
In East Devon, don’t miss Orcombe Point Geoneedle in Exmouth, which marks the beginning of the World Heritage Site, or the distinctive red sandstone sea stacks in Ladram Bay.
Walking the South West Coast Path
Running uninterrupted for 630 miles from Minehead in Somerset to Poole Harbour in Dorset, the South West Coast Path is the UK’s longest National Trail, taking in the full 95 miles of the Jurassic Coast along the way.
Depending on your walking speed, you can traverse the entire route in about 10 days or select one or two sections for a shorter coast walk. Try the Golden Cap circular walk to climb the highest point on the south coast of England; hit the wild and rugged cliff paths around Portland Bill; or enjoy the coastal paths around the Isle of Purbeck, where you can explore disused quarries and unique wild-swimming spots.
Fossil Hunting at Lyme Regis and Charmouth
Lyme Regis became a world-famous fossil-hunting destination when Mary Anning discovered a near-complete ichthyosaur, a large marine reptile, here around 1836. Today, it’s still a popular spot for fossil collectors, with new finds being made frequently. Look out for the “Ammonite Pavement” on Monmouth Beach, where low tide reveals a rock shelf containing hundreds of fossils.
Stroll along the beach between Lyme Regis and Charmouth to spot fossils lying among the shingle. However, be cautious: the beach can sometimes be cut off at high tide, and the cliffs can be perilous in places, especially after rain. Amateurs are advised to join a guided fossil-hunting tour rather than venture out alone; these options are available through the Lyme Regis Museum or the Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre.
Explore Kimmeridge Bay’s Rock Pools
The sweeping curve at Kimmeridge Bay is part of a Marine Special Area of Conservation, making it an excellent location for snorkeling and scuba diving. However, you can also investigate this rich marine life directly from the beach.
The bay’s distinctive geometric rock shelves and ledges are filled with rock pools at low tide. Don’t miss the Wild Seas Centre, a small, free museum on the slipway, to learn more about the local marine life.
Adventures in Wild Swimming
Along the Jurassic Coast, seasoned wild swimmers will discover a plethora of exciting pools and hidden coves to immerse themselves in. Chapman’s Pool and Worbarrow Bay offer secluded beaches that can be accessed only by hiking. For a unique experience, visit the tidal pool at Dancing Ledge, a man-made swimming pool that was carved into a natural rock shelf in the 19th century for the enjoyment of local schoolchildren.
Snorkeling with Seahorses in Studland Bay
Studland Bay, just beyond the eastern end of the Jurassic Coast, is one of the only known breeding sites for both the spiny and short-snouted seahorse, making it one of the UK’s premier snorkel locations. Since these tiny creatures are masters of disguise, patience is essential and is often rewarded with sightings, particularly during summer. Approach slowly and take care not to disturb the seahorses or their habitat.
Historic Seaton Tramway Experience
Take a ride back in time on the Seaton Tramway, a network of narrow-gauge heritage trams running through the Axe Valley in East Devon. As well as a taste of history, these colorful open-top trams offer brilliant views of the River Axe estuary and Seaton Wetlands nature reserve. Keep an eye out for local birds and wildlife, including kingfishers, herons, foxes, and little egrets.
Water Sports Adventures
With a mixture of sheltered bays and more exposed beaches featuring great surf, the Jurassic Coast is an adventure-seeker’s paradise. Adrenaline junkies should try coasteering at Lulworth Cove for an exciting way to explore the cliffs and rocks. Additionally, you can hop on a rigid inflatable boat (RIB) at Lyme Bay or Weymouth for a fast-paced tour along the seafront.
Old Harry Rocks, Durdle Door, and Lulworth Cove provide stunning backdrops for a kayaking adventure, though amateurs are advised to join a guided tour, as currents can be challenging. For a gentler experience, Weymouth Bay, Studland Bay, and Portland Harbour are more sheltered, making them ideal for paddleboarding.
You can also try your hand at kitesurfing, windsurfing, or taking sailing lessons at various locations along the coast (consider Portland or Poole) or enjoy a boat tour from any of the larger harbors for something less demanding.
The Best Times to Visit the Jurassic Coast
Summer offers the best chance of pleasant weather for beach days and water sports on the Jurassic Coast, along with a vibrant lineup of festivals and events to entice tourists of all interests. Note that during the busy season, popular spots like Bournemouth Beach and Durdle Door can be crowded, especially during summer school holidays.
While summer can sometimes be too hot for hiking, the spring and autumn shoulder seasons are ideal for coastal walks. Spring, in particular, bursts into life with various wildflowers adorning the grassy headlands and woodlands, providing excellent opportunities for spotting wildlife and fossils.
Many food and seafood festivals run along the coast throughout spring and summer, with one of the most notable being SEAFEAST, the Dorset Seafood Festival, held along Weymouth’s colorful harborside in September.
Winter is often overlooked by most tourists, but if you brave the unpredictable British weather, you’ll find a wealth of activities available. Seals come ashore to breed during the autumn and early winter months, so keep an eye out for them while walking briskly along the coastal paths.
Getting to the Jurassic Coast
The closest international airports are Bournemouth, Exeter, and Southampton, although most visitors from overseas will likely fly into one of the larger London airports.
If you’re renting a car upon arrival, it takes about 2 hours to drive to Bournemouth or Poole. From either of these towns, you can easily embark on a road trip along the coast, visiting whatever villages and attractions pique your interest.
Public Transport from London to the Jurassic Coast
South Western Railway operates a service from London Waterloo to Weymouth that takes just under 3 hours. From Weymouth, you can utilize the X53 and X54 Jurassic Coaster buses from First Bus to travel to most towns between Poole and Axminster.
The train from London also stops at Bournemouth and Poole, bringing you closer to the eastern end of the Jurassic Coast. From these towns, you can hop on the Purbeck Breezer services to reach Studland and the Isle of Purbeck.
Exploring the Jurassic Coast by Car
The simplest way to explore the Jurassic Coast is by car, but keep in mind that some of the more remote destinations are accessed by narrow country lanes and may have limited parking.
Many of the busier towns, such as Weymouth and Bournemouth, offer park-and-ride services during the summer months. Utilize these options to avoid being caught in seaside traffic in the town centers.
The Jurassic Coast also boasts an extensive public transport network for those looking to explore without a car. Bus services are relatively frequent, serving most major destinations. The Jurassic Coaster buses (First Bus X52, X53, and X54) run between Axminster and Poole, while the Purbeck Breezer (More Bus) services connect Bournemouth and Poole with Swanage, Wareham, and the Isle of Purbeck.
Accommodation Options Along the Jurassic Coast
With 95 miles of coastline to explore, you’re spoiled for choice when it comes to choosing a place to stay along the Jurassic Coast.
The largest town, Weymouth, is well connected to the delights of the coast in both directions, making it an excellent base for exploring the area. Numerous beachfront hotels are situated near the lively town centre’s bars and restaurants, while families might consider the popular Waterside Holiday Park and Spa on the outskirts of town. For budget-conscious travelers, the clifftop campsite at nearby Eweleaze Farm provides stunning views.
The charming seaside town of Swanage is ideally located for exploring Studland Bay and the entire Isle of Purbeck, with accommodation options ranging from a YHA hostel to cosy B&Bs. In nearby Studland, the luxurious boutique hotel The Pig on the Beach is well known for its top-quality restaurant and breathtaking sea views.
Further east along the Jurassic Coast, Lyme Regis is another popular coastal town with a variety of hotels and accommodation choices, while Sidmouth offers the grandeur of a Victorian seaside resort.
For something a bit different, consider glamping at Durdle Door or renting a Lyme Regis beach hut. Fans of quirky history will likely enjoy Smuggler’s Inn at Studland, a cosy boutique inn and pub that was once a hangout for an infamous local smuggling gang.
